Frequency component restrictions for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping

ABSTRACT

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. The UE may communicate based at least in part on the restriction. Numerous other aspects are provided.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This Patent Application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/057,593, filed on Jul. 28, 2020, entitled “FREQUENCY COMPONENT RESTRICTIONS FOR CARRIER AGGREGATION AND FREQUENCY HOPPING,” and assigned to the assignee hereof. The disclosure of the prior Application is considered part of and is incorporated by reference into this Patent Application.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and to techniques and apparatuses for frequency component restrictions for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping.

BACKGROUND

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, or the like). Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE/LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

A wireless network may include a number of base stations (BSs) that can support communication for a number of user equipment (UEs). A UE may communicate with a BS via the downlink and uplink. “Downlink” (or “forward link”) refers to the communication link from the BS to the UE, and “uplink” (or “reverse link”) refers to the communication link from the UE to the BS. As will be described in more detail herein, a BS may be referred to as a Node B, a gNB, an access point (AP), a radio head, a transmit receive point (TRP), a New Radio (NR) BS, a 5G Node B, or the like.

The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different user equipment to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by the 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access by improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services, making use of new spectrum, and better integrating with other open standards using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink (DL), using CP-OFDM and/or SC-FDM (e.g., also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink (UL), as well as supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remain useful.

SUMMARY

In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes: receiving an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicating based at least in part on the restriction.

In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a scheduling entity includes: transmitting an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by a UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicating with the UE based at least in part on the restriction.

In some aspects, a UE for wireless communication includes: a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to: receive an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicate based at least in part on the restriction.

In some aspects, a scheduling entity for wireless communication includes: a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to: transmit an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by a UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicate with the UE based at least in part on the restriction.

In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes: one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a UE, cause the UE to: receive an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicate based at least in part on the restriction.

In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes: one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a scheduling entity, cause the scheduling entity to: transmit an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by a UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicate with the UE based at least in part on the restriction.

In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes: means for receiving an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the apparatus for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and means for communicating based at least in part on the restriction.

In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes: means for transmitting an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by a UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and means for communicating with the UE based at least in part on the restriction.

Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, wireless communication device, and/or processing system as substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings and specification.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conception and specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims.

While aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects may be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. Techniques described herein may be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and/or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects may be implemented via integrated chip embodiments or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail/purchasing devices, medical devices, or artificial intelligence-enabled devices). Aspects may be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, or system-level components. Devices incorporating described aspects and features may include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspects. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals may include a number of components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processor(s), interleavers, adders, or summers). It is intended that aspects described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, or end-user devices of varying size, shape, and constitution.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

So that the above-recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to aspects, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the description may admit to other equally effective aspects. The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station in communication with a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example beamforming architecture that supports beamforming for millimeter wave (mmW) communications, in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating examples of carrier aggregation, in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of carrier aggregation of frequency components, in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with frequency component restrictions for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping, in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with frequency component restrictions for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping, in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIGS. 8-9 are diagrams illustrating example processes associated with frequency component restrictions for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping, in accordance with the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Based on the teachings herein, one skilled in the art should appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.

Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatuses and techniques. These apparatuses and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, or the like (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or combinations thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

It should be noted that while aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with a 5G or NR radio access technology (RAT), aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other RATs, such as a 3G RAT, a 4G RAT, and/or a RAT subsequent to 5G (e.g., 6G).

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (NR) network and/or an LTE network, among other examples. The wireless network 100 may include a number of base stations 110 (shown as BS 110 a, BS 110 b, BS 110 c, and BS 110 d) and other network entities. A base station (BS) is an entity that communicates with user equipment (UEs) and may also be referred to as an NR BS, a Node B, a gNB, a 5G node B (NB), an access point, a transmit receive point (TRP), or the like. Each BS may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In 3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a BS and/or a BS subsystem serving this coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.

A BS may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and/or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs having association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A BS for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro BS. ABS for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico BS. ABS for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto BS or a home BS. In the example shown in FIG. 1, a BS 110 a may be a macro BS for a macro cell 102 a, a BS 110 b may be a pico BS for a pico cell 102 b, and a BS 110 c may be a femto BS for a femto cell 102 c. A BS may support one or multiple (e.g., three) cells. The terms “eNB”, “base station”, “NR BS”, “gNB”, “TRP”, “AP”, “node B”, “5G NB”, and “cell” may be used interchangeably herein.

In some aspects, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of a mobile BS. In some aspects, the BSs may be interconnected to one another and/or to one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) in the wireless network 100 through various types of backhaul interfaces, such as a direct physical connection or a virtual network, using any suitable transport network.

Wireless network 100 may also include relay stations. A relay station is an entity that can receive a transmission of data from an upstream station (e.g., a BS or a UE) and send a transmission of the data to a downstream station (e.g., a UE or a BS). A relay station may also be a UE that can relay transmissions for other UEs. In the example shown in FIG. 1, a relay BS 110 d may communicate with macro BS 110 a and a UE 120 d in order to facilitate communication between BS 110 a and UE 120 d. A relay BS may also be referred to as a relay station, a relay base station, a relay, or the like.

Wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes BSs of different types, such as macro BSs, pico BSs, femto BSs, relay BSs, or the like. These different types of BSs may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and different impacts on interference in wireless network 100. For example, macro BSs may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts) whereas pico BSs, femto BSs, and relay BSs may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts).

A network controller 130 may couple to a set of BSs and may provide coordination and control for these BSs. Network controller 130 may communicate with the BSs via a backhaul. The BSs may also communicate with one another, directly or indirectly, via a wireless or wireline backhaul.

UEs 120 (e.g., 120 a, 120 b, 120 c) may be dispersed throughout wireless network 100, and each UE may be stationary or mobile. A UE may also be referred to as an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, a subscriber unit, a station, or the like. A UE may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device or equipment, biometric sensors/devices, wearable devices (smart watches, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wrist bands, smart jewelry (e.g., smart ring, smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music or video device, or a satellite radio), a vehicular component or sensor, smart meters/sensors, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.

Some UEs may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC and eMTC UEs include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, and/or location tags, that may communicate with a base station, another device (e.g., remote device), or some other entity. A wireless node may provide, for example, connectivity for or to a network (e.g., a wide area network such as Internet or a cellular network) via a wired or wireless communication link. Some UEs may be considered Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, and/or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband internet of things) devices. Some UEs may be considered a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE). UE 120 may be included inside a housing that houses components of UE 120, such as processor components and/or memory components. In some aspects, the processor components and the memory components may be coupled together. For example, the processor components (e.g., one or more processors) and the memory components (e.g., a memory) may be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and/or electrically coupled.

In general, any number of wireless networks may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network may support a particular RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may also be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, or the like. A frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, or the like. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

In some aspects, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120 a and UE 120 e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using a base station 110 as an intermediary to communicate with one another). For example, the UEs 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communications, device-to-device (D2D) communications, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocol (e.g., which may include a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol or a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V21) protocol), and/or a mesh network. In this case, the UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and/or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by the base station 110.

Devices of wireless network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided based on frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, channels, or the like. For example, devices of wireless network 100 may communicate using an operating band having a first frequency range (FR1), which may span from 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz, and/or may communicate using an operating band having a second frequency range (FR2), which may span from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are sometimes referred to as mid-band frequencies. Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to as a “sub-6 GHz” band. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to as a “millimeter wave” band despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. Thus, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like, if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies less than 6 GHz, frequencies within FR1, and/or mid-band frequencies (e.g., greater than 7.125 GHz). Similarly, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “millimeter wave” or the like, if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies within the EHF band, frequencies within FR2, and/or mid-band frequencies (e.g., less than 24.25 GHz). It is contemplated that the frequencies included in FR1 and FR2 may be modified, and techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

As indicated above, FIG. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of a base station 110 in communication with a UE 120 in a wireless network 100, in accordance with the present disclosure. Base station 110 may be equipped with T antennas 234 a through 234 t, and UE 120 may be equipped with R antennas 252 a through 252 r, where in general T≥1 and R≥1.

At base station 110, a transmit processor 220 may receive data from a data source 212 for one or more UEs, select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for each UE based at least in part on channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE, process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for each UE based at least in part on the MCS(s) selected for the UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. Transmit processor 220 may also process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and/or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. Transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232 a through 232 t. Each modulator 232 may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 232 may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. T downlink signals from modulators 232 a through 232 t may be transmitted via T antennas 234 a through 234 t, respectively.

At UE 120, antennas 252 a through 252 r may receive the downlink signals from base station 110 and/or other base stations and may provide received signals to demodulators (DEMODs) 254 a through 254 r, respectively. Each demodulator 254 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator 254 may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from all R demodulators 254 a through 254 r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE 120 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information and system information to a controller/processor 280. The term “controller/processor” may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. A channel processor may determine a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, and/or a CQI parameter, among other examples. In some aspects, one or more components of UE 120 may be included in a housing 284.

Network controller 130 may include communication unit 294, controller/processor 290, and memory 292. Network controller 130 may include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. Network controller 130 may communicate with base station 110 via communication unit 294.

Antennas (e.g., antennas 234 a through 234 t and/or antennas 252 a through 252 r) may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, antenna groups, sets of antenna elements, and/or antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, and/or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, and/or an antenna array may include a set of coplanar antenna elements and/or a set of non-coplanar antenna elements. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, and/or an antenna array may include antenna elements within a single housing and/or antenna elements within multiple housings. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, and/or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more transmission and/or reception components, such as one or more components of FIG. 2.

On the uplink, at UE 120, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., for reports that include RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and/or CQI) from controller/processor 280. Transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 if applicable, further processed by modulators 254 a through 254 r (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to base station 110. In some aspects, a modulator and a demodulator (e.g., MOD/DEMOD 254) of the UE 120 may be included in a modem of the UE 120. In some aspects, the UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna(s) 252, modulators and/or demodulators 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, and/or TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller/processor 280) and memory 282 to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (for example, as described with reference to FIGS. 6-9).

At base station 110, the uplink signals from UE 120 and other UEs may be received by antennas 234, processed by demodulators 232, detected by a MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 120. Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to controller/processor 240. Base station 110 may include communication unit 244 and communicate to network controller 130 via communication unit 244. Base station 110 may include a scheduler 246 to schedule UEs 120 for downlink and/or uplink communications. In some aspects, a modulator and a demodulator (e.g., MOD/DEMOD 232) of the base station 110 may be included in a modem of the base station 110. In some aspects, the base station 110 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna(s) 234, modulators and/or demodulators 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, and/or TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller/processor 240) and memory 242 to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (for example, as described with reference to FIGS. 6-9).

Controller/processor 240 of base station 110, controller/processor 280 of UE 120, and/or any other component(s) of FIG. 2 may perform one or more techniques associated with frequency component restrictions for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, controller/processor 240 of base station 110, controller/processor 280 of UE 120, and/or any other component(s) of FIG. 2 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 800 of FIG. 8, process 900 of FIG. 9, and/or other processes as described herein. Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for base station 110 and UE 120, respectively. In some aspects, memory 242 and/or memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and/or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed (e.g., directly, or after compiling, converting, and/or interpreting) by one or more processors of the base station 110 and/or the UE 120, may cause the one or more processors, the UE 120, and/or the base station 110 to perform or direct operations of, for example, process 800 of FIG. 8, process 900 of FIG. 9, and/or other processes as described herein. In some aspects, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and/or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.

In some aspects, a UE (e.g., 120) may include means for receiving an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; means for communicating based at least in part on the restriction; and/or the like. In some aspects, such means may include one or more components of UE 120 described in connection with FIG. 2, such as controller/processor 280, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, MOD 254, antenna 252, DEMOD 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, and/or the like.

In some aspects, a scheduling entity (e.g., base station 110, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, and/or the like) may include means for transmitting an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by a UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; means for communicating with the UE based at least in part on the restriction; and/or the like. In some aspects, such means may include one or more components of base station 110 described in connection with FIG. 2, such as antenna 234, DEMOD 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller/processor 240, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, MOD 232, antenna 234, and/or the like.

While blocks in FIG. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and/or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of controller/processor 280.

As indicated above, FIG. 2 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example beamforming architecture 300 that supports beamforming for millimeter wave (mmW) communications, in accordance with the present disclosure. In some aspects, architecture 300 may implement aspects of wireless network 100. In some aspects, architecture 300 may be implemented in a transmitting device (e.g., a first wireless communication device, UE, or base station) and/or a receiving device (e.g., a second wireless communication device, UE, or base station), as described herein.

Broadly, FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating example hardware components of a wireless communication device in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure. The illustrated components may include those that may be used for antenna element selection and/or for beamforming for transmission of wireless signals. There are numerous architectures for antenna element selection and implementing phase shifting, only one example of which is illustrated here. The architecture 300 includes a modem (modulator/demodulator) 302, a digital to analog converter (DAC) 304, a first mixer 306, a second mixer 308, and a splitter 310. The architecture 300 also includes multiple first amplifiers 312, multiple phase shifters 314, multiple second amplifiers 316, and an antenna array 318 that includes multiple antenna elements 320. In some examples, the modem 302 may be one or more of the modems 232 or modems 254 described in connection with FIG. 2.

Transmission lines or other waveguides, wires, and/or traces are shown connecting the various components to illustrate how signals to be transmitted may travel between components. Reference numbers 322, 324, 326, and 328 indicate regions in the architecture 300 in which different types of signals travel or are processed. Specifically, reference number 322 indicates a region in which digital baseband signals travel or are processed, reference number 324 indicates a region in which analog baseband signals travel or are processed, reference number 326 indicates a region in which analog intermediate frequency (IF) signals travel or are processed, and reference number 328 indicates a region in which analog radio frequency (RF) signals travel or are processed. The architecture also includes a local oscillator A 330, a local oscillator B 332, and a controller/processor 334. In some aspects, controller/processor 334 corresponds to controller/processor 240 of the base station described above in connection with FIG. 2 and/or controller/processor 280 of the UE described above in connection with FIG. 2.

Each of the antenna elements 320 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving RF signals. For example, a single antenna element 320 may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements 320 may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacing between antenna elements 320 may be such that signals with a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements 320 may interact or interfere (e.g., to form a desired beam). For example, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, half wavelength, or other fraction of a wavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elements 320 to allow for interaction or interference of signals transmitted by the separate antenna elements 320 within that expected range.

The modem 302 processes and generates digital baseband signals and may also control operation of the DAC 304, first and second mixers 306, 308, splitter 310, first amplifiers 312, phase shifters 314, and/or the second amplifiers 316 to transmit signals via one or more or all of the antenna elements 320. The modem 302 may process signals and control operation in accordance with a communication standard such as a wireless standard discussed herein. The DAC 304 may convert digital baseband signals received from the modem 302 (and that are to be transmitted) into analog baseband signals. The first mixer 306 upconverts analog baseband signals to analog IF signals within an IF using a local oscillator A 330. For example, the first mixer 306 may mix the signals with an oscillating signal generated by the local oscillator A 330 to “move” the baseband analog signals to the IF. In some cases, some processing or filtering (not shown) may take place at the IF. The second mixer 308 upconverts the analog IF signals to analog RF signals using the local oscillator B 332. Similar to the first mixer, the second mixer 308 may mix the signals with an oscillating signal generated by the local oscillator B 332 to “move” the IF analog signals to the RF or the frequency at which signals will be transmitted or received. The modem 302 and/or the controller/processor 334 may adjust the frequency of local oscillator A 330 and/or the local oscillator B 332 so that a desired IF and/or RF frequency is produced and used to facilitate processing and transmission of a signal within a desired bandwidth.

In the illustrated architecture 300, signals upconverted by the second mixer 308 are split or duplicated into multiple signals by the splitter 310. The splitter 310 in architecture 300 splits the RF signal into multiple identical or nearly identical RF signals. In other examples, the split may take place with any type of signal, including with baseband digital, baseband analog, or IF analog signals. Each of these signals may correspond to an antenna element 320, and the signal travels through and is processed by amplifiers 312, 316, phase shifters 314, and/or other elements corresponding to the respective antenna element 320 to be provided to and transmitted by the corresponding antenna element 320 of the antenna array 318. In one example, the splitter 310 may be an active splitter that is connected to a power supply and provides some gain so that RF signals exiting the splitter 310 are at a power level equal to or greater than the signal entering the splitter 310. In another example, the splitter 310 is a passive splitter that is not connected to power supply and the RF signals exiting the splitter 310 may be at a power level lower than the RF signal entering the splitter 310.

After being split by the splitter 310, the resulting RF signals may enter an amplifier, such as a first amplifier 312, or a phase shifter 314 corresponding to an antenna element 320. The first and second amplifiers 312, 316 are illustrated with dashed lines because one or both of them might not be necessary in some aspects. In some aspects, both the first amplifier 312 and second amplifier 316 are present. In some aspects, neither the first amplifier 312 nor the second amplifier 316 is present. In some aspects, one of the two amplifiers 312, 316 is present but not the other. By way of example, if the splitter 310 is an active splitter, the first amplifier 312 may not be used. By way of further example, if the phase shifter 314 is an active phase shifter that can provide a gain, the second amplifier 316 might not be used.

The amplifiers 312, 316 may provide a desired level of positive or negative gain. A positive gain (positive dB) may be used to increase an amplitude of a signal for radiation by a specific antenna element 320. A negative gain (negative dB) may be used to decrease an amplitude and/or suppress radiation of the signal by a specific antenna element. Each of the amplifiers 312, 316 may be controlled independently (e.g., by the modem 302 or the controller/processor 334) to provide independent control of the gain for each antenna element 320. For example, the modem 302 and/or the controller/processor 334 may have at least one control line connected to each of the splitter 310, first amplifiers 312, phase shifters 314, and/or second amplifiers 316 that may be used to configure a gain to provide a desired amount of gain for each component and thus each antenna element 320.

The phase shifter 314 may provide a configurable phase shift or phase offset to a corresponding RF signal to be transmitted. The phase shifter 314 may be a passive phase shifter not directly connected to a power supply. Passive phase shifters might introduce some insertion loss. The second amplifier 316 may boost the signal to compensate for the insertion loss. The phase shifter 314 may be an active phase shifter connected to a power supply such that the active phase shifter provides some amount of gain or prevents insertion loss. The settings of each of the phase shifters 314 are independent, meaning that each can be independently set to provide a desired amount of phase shift or the same amount of phase shift or some other configuration. The modem 302 and/or the controller/processor 334 may have at least one control line connected to each of the phase shifters 314 and which may be used to configure the phase shifters 314 to provide a desired amount of phase shift or phase offset between antenna elements 320.

In the illustrated architecture 300, RF signals received by the antenna elements 320 are provided to one or more first amplifiers 356 to boost the signal strength. The first amplifiers 356 may be connected to the same antenna arrays 318 (e.g., for time division duplex (TDD) operations). The first amplifiers 356 may be connected to different antenna arrays 318. The boosted RF signal is input into one or more phase shifters 354 to provide a configurable phase shift or phase offset for the corresponding received RF signal to enable reception via one or more Rx beams. The phase shifter 354 may be an active phase shifter or a passive phase shifter. The settings of the phase shifters 354 are independent, meaning that each can be independently set to provide a desired amount of phase shift or the same amount of phase shift or some other configuration. The modem 302 and/or the controller/processor 334 may have at least one control line connected to each of the phase shifters 354 and which may be used to configure the phase shifters 354 to provide a desired amount of phase shift or phase offset between antenna elements 320 to enable reception via one or more Rx beams.

The outputs of the phase shifters 354 may be input to one or more second amplifiers 352 for signal amplification of the phase shifted received RF signals. The second amplifiers 352 may be individually configured to provide a configured amount of gain. The second amplifiers 352 may be individually configured to provide an amount of gain to ensure that the signals input to combiner 350 have the same magnitude. The amplifiers 352 and/or 356 are illustrated in dashed lines because they might not be necessary in some aspects. In some aspects, both the amplifier 352 and the amplifier 356 are present. In another aspect, neither the amplifier 352 nor the amplifier 356 are present. In other aspects, one of the amplifiers 352, 356 is present but not the other.

In the illustrated architecture 300, signals output by the phase shifters 354 (via the amplifiers 352 when present) are combined in combiner 350. The combiner 350 in architecture 300 combines the RF signal into a signal. The combiner 350 may be a passive combiner (e.g., not connected to a power source), which may result in some insertion loss. The combiner 350 may be an active combiner (e.g., connected to a power source), which may result in some signal gain. When combiner 350 is an active combiner, it may provide a different (e.g., configurable) amount of gain for each input signal so that the input signals have the same magnitude when they are combined. When combiner 350 is an active combiner, the combiner 350 may not need the second amplifier 352 because the active combiner may provide the signal amplification.

The output of the combiner 350 is input into mixers 348 and 346. Mixers 348 and 346 generally down convert the received RF signal using inputs from local oscillators 372 and 370, respectively, to create intermediate or baseband signals that carry the encoded and modulated information. The output of the mixers 348 and 346 are input into an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 344 for conversion to analog signals. The analog signals output from ADC 344 is input to modem 302 for baseband processing, such as decoding, de-interleaving, or similar operations.

The architecture 300 is given by way of example only to illustrate an architecture for transmitting and/or receiving signals. In some cases, the architecture 300 and/or each portion of the architecture 300 may be repeated multiple times within an architecture to accommodate or provide an arbitrary number of RF chains, antenna elements, and/or antenna panels. Furthermore, numerous alternate architectures are possible and contemplated. For example, although only a single antenna array 318 is shown, two, three, or more antenna arrays may be included, each with one or more of their own corresponding amplifiers, phase shifters, splitters, mixers, DACs, ADCs, and/or modems. For example, a single UE may include two, four, or more antenna arrays for transmitting or receiving signals at different physical locations on the UE or in different directions.

Furthermore, mixers, splitters, amplifiers, phase shifters and other components may be located in different signal type areas (e.g., represented by different ones of the reference numbers 322, 324, 326, 328) in different implemented architectures. For example, a split of the signal to be transmitted into multiple signals may take place at the analog RF, analog IF, analog baseband, or digital baseband frequencies in different examples. Similarly, amplification and/or phase shifts may also take place at different frequencies. For example, in some aspects, one or more of the splitter 310, amplifiers 312, 316, or phase shifters 314 may be located between the DAC 304 and the first mixer 306 or between the first mixer 306 and the second mixer 308. In one example, the functions of one or more of the components may be combined into one component. For example, the phase shifters 314 may perform amplification to include or replace the first and/or or second amplifiers 312, 316. By way of another example, a phase shift may be implemented by the second mixer 308 to obviate the need for a separate phase shifter 314. This technique is sometimes called local oscillator (LO) phase shifting. In some aspects of this configuration, there may be multiple IF to RF mixers (e.g., for each antenna element chain) within the second mixer 308, and the local oscillator B 332 may supply different local oscillator signals (with different phase offsets) to each IF to RF mixer.

The modem 302 and/or the controller/processor 334 may control one or more of the other components 304 through 372 to select one or more antenna elements 320 and/or to form beams for transmission of one or more signals. For example, the antenna elements 320 may be individually selected or deselected for transmission of a signal (or signals) by controlling an amplitude of one or more corresponding amplifiers, such as the first amplifiers 312 and/or the second amplifiers 316. Beamforming includes generation of a beam using multiple signals on different antenna elements, where one or more or all of the multiple signals are shifted in phase relative to each other. The formed beam may carry physical or higher layer reference signals or information. As each signal of the multiple signals is radiated from a respective antenna element 320, the radiated signals interact, interfere (constructive and destructive interference), and amplify each other to form a resulting beam. The shape (such as the amplitude, width, and/or presence of side lobes) and the direction (such as an angle of the beam relative to a surface of the antenna array 318) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts or phase offsets imparted by the phase shifters 314 and amplitudes imparted by the amplifiers 312, 316 of the multiple signals relative to each other. The controller/processor 334 may be located partially or fully within one or more other components of the architecture 300. For example, the controller/processor 334 may be located within the modem 302 in some aspects.

As indicated above, FIG. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to FIG. 3.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating examples 400 of carrier aggregation, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Carrier aggregation is a technology that enables two or more component carriers (CCs, sometimes referred to as carriers) to be combined (e.g., into a single channel) for a single UE 120 to enhance data capacity. As shown, carriers can be combined in the same or different frequency bands. Additionally, or alternatively, contiguous or non-contiguous carriers can be combined. A base station 110 may configure carrier aggregation for a UE 120, such as in a radio resource control (RRC) message, downlink control information (DCI), and/or the like.

As shown by reference number 405, in some aspects, carrier aggregation may be configured in an intra-band contiguous mode where the aggregated carriers are contiguous to one another and are in the same band. As shown by reference number 410, in some aspects, carrier aggregation may be configured in an intra-band non-contiguous mode where the aggregated carriers are non-contiguous to one another and are in the same band. As shown by reference number 415, in some aspects, carrier aggregation may be configured in an inter-band non-contiguous mode where the aggregated carriers are non-contiguous to one another and are in different bands.

In carrier aggregation, a UE 120 may be configured with a primary carrier and one or more secondary carriers. In some aspects, the primary carrier may carry control information (e.g., downlink control information, scheduling information, and/or the like) for scheduling data communications on one or more secondary carriers, which may be referred to as cross-carrier scheduling. In some aspects, a carrier (e.g., a primary carrier or a secondary carrier) may carry control information for scheduling data communications on the carrier, which may be referred to as self-carrier scheduling or carrier self-scheduling.

As indicated above, FIG. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to FIG. 4.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of carrier aggregation of frequency components, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5, a given frequency range may include multiple frequency components 505, also referred to as channels (e.g., channel #1, channel #2, channel #3, channel #4, channel #5, and/or channel #6), and sometimes referred to as bands or “channelizations.” The frequency components 505 may be used for communication between devices in a wireless network. This arrangement may be typical of many different types of wireless networks. One example of a wireless network is WiFi, such as IEEE 802.11ay, in which channels may have a 2.16 GHz bandwidth (e.g., channel #1 having a center frequency of 58.32 GHz, channel #2 having a center frequency of 60.48 GHz, channel #3 having a center frequency of 62.64 GHz, channel #4 having a center frequency of 64.80 GHz, channel #5 having a center frequency of 66.96 GHz, and/or channel #6 having a center frequency of 69.12 GHz) as shown. Another example of a wireless network is the wireless network 100 with communications between base stations 110 and UEs 120.

To enhance data capacity, carrier aggregation, sometimes called “channel bonding,” may be performed with respect to two or more frequency channels. As shown in FIG. 5, certain carrier aggregations may be performed to produce combined frequency channels 510, such as channel #9 (an aggregation of channels #1 and #2 having a center frequency of 59.40 GHz), channel #10 (an aggregation of channels #2 and #3 having a center frequency of 61.56 GHz), channel #11 (an aggregation of channels #3 and #4 having a center frequency of 63.72 GHz), channel #12 (an aggregation of channels #4 and #5 having a center frequency of 65.88 GHz), and/or channel #13 (an aggregation of channels #5 and #6 having a center frequency of 68.04 GHz). Such carrier aggregation may be similarly performed in the wireless network 100, such as for communications between base stations 110 and UEs 120, including as described above with respect to FIG. 4. In this way, frequency channels may be combined to enhance data capacity.

Additionally, or alternatively, to improve radio transmission performance, “frequency hopping,” sometimes called “fast hopping,” may be performed. Frequency hopping is a technique in which rapid switching between different carrier frequencies (e.g., frequency components 505) may occur over time when transmitting communications. In this way, communications may be transmitted with minimized interference.

To improve radio transmission performance, beamforming may be used. Beamforming is a technique used to form directional, unicast beams between a UE and a base station so that performance of a radio link between the UE and the base station is improved. To perform beamforming, a base station may form a transmit beam directed to the UE, and the UE may form a receive beam to receive the transmit beam. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may form a transmit beam directed to the base station, and the base station may form a receive beam to receive the transmit beam. The base station and/or the UE may use various hardware components to accomplish beamforming, such as controllers/processors, amplifiers, phase shifters, antenna elements, and/or the like, including as described above with respect to FIG. 3.

Frequency bands for 5G NR may include frequency range 1 (FR1) and frequency range 2 (FR2), among others. FR1 may span from 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz, with various bands being allocated in the frequency range (e.g., n1, n2, n3, and so forth). FR2 may span from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz, with various bands being allocated in the frequency range (e.g., n257, n258, n260, n2261, and/or the like). The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are sometimes referred to as mid-band frequencies. Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to as a “sub-6 GHz” band. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to as a “millimeter wave” band despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.

Frequency bands for 5G NR continue to expand, including to frequency range (FR4). FR4 may span from 52.6 GHz to 114.25 GHz, with various bands being allocated in the frequency range. FR4 is often referred to as an “upper millimeter wave” or “sub THz.”

It is contemplated that various techniques described herein, including carrier aggregation, frequency hopping, and/or beamforming, may be applied simultaneously in a system to achieve improved performance. However, when applying carrier aggregation and/or frequency hopping with beamforming at ever increasing frequency ranges, such as FR4, beamforming performance loss, also known as “beam squinting,” may occur. The beamforming performance loss may be caused by the limited hardware resources of the device used for beamforming (e.g., controllers/processors, amplifiers, phase shifters, antenna elements, and/or the like, including as described above with respect to FIG. 3) attempting to achieve beamforming for the carrier aggregations and/or frequency hops, between increasingly separate channels, at higher frequencies. At the higher frequencies, such as FR4, what may be an optimal beamforming configuration for one carrier aggregation and/or frequency hopping of channels may be suboptimal for another carrier aggregation and/or frequency hopping of channels.

Some techniques and apparatuses described herein may limit or restrict which combination of frequency components may be carrier aggregated and/or frequency hopped so that optimal beamforming may be maintained at higher frequencies, such as FR4. A scheduling entity, such as a base station, IAB node, and/or the like, may transmit an indication to a UE of the limitation or restriction on which combination of frequency components may be carrier aggregated and/or frequency hopped. The indication may be based at least in part on information transmitted by the UE. As a result, carrier aggregation and/or frequency hopping with beamforming may be performed at higher frequencies, such as FR4, while minimizing beamforming performance loss.

As indicated above, FIG. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to FIG. 5.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 associated with frequency component restrictions for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6, example 600 includes a UE 120 in communication with a scheduling entity 605 (e.g., the base station 110, an IAB node, and/or the like). The UE 120 and the scheduling entity 605 may be in communication with one another in a wireless network (e.g., the wireless network 100), which communication may include an uplink and a downlink.

As shown by reference number 610, the UE 120 may transmit information to the scheduling entity 605 (e.g., via an uplink) to assist the scheduling entity 605 with a determination of a restriction on a combination of frequency components for the UE 120. The information may be any input provided by the UE 120 to the scheduling entity 605 to assist the scheduling entity 605 in making the determination of the restriction. For example, the information may include: an indication of frequency components for prioritization; an indication of one or more preferences relevant to dual connectivity (DC); and/or a recommendation based at least in part on a hardware capability of the UE 120, as will be described herein.

When the information includes an indication of frequency components for prioritization, the UE 120 may indicate frequency components for carrier aggregation and/or frequency hopping that are to be prioritized for grouping together. For example, referring again to FIG. 5, the UE 120 may indicate frequency components on channels #1 and #2 are to be prioritized for grouping together over other frequency components in the given frequency range. Additionally, or alternatively, when the information includes an indication of frequency components for prioritization, the UE 120 may indicate frequency components for carrier aggregation and/or frequency hopping that are to be deprioritized for preventing grouping. For example, referring again to FIG. 5, the UE 120 may indicate frequency components on channels #5 and #6 are to be deprioritized for grouping together relative to other frequency components in the given frequency range. As a result, the UE 120 can provide the indication of prioritization for frequency components to the scheduling entity 605 for use by the scheduling entity 605 in determining a restriction on a combination of frequency components for the UE 120.

When the information includes an indication of one or more preferences relevant to DC, the UE 120 may indicate a preferred primary cell (Pcell), a preferred primary secondary cell (PScell), and/or a preferred secondary cell (Scell). DC enables a UE to simultaneously transmit and receive data on multiple component carriers from groups of cells via a master cell group (MCG) and a secondary cell group (SCG). An MCG may refer to a group of serving cells associated with a master node (MN) and may include a primary cell (Pcell) and optionally one or more secondary cells (Scells). An SCG may refer to a group of serving cells associated with a secondary node (SN) and may include a primary secondary cell (PScell) and optionally one or more Scells. To improve support for DC in relation to carrier aggregation and/or frequency hopping, the UE 120 may transmit the indication of one or more preferences relevant to DC for use by the scheduling entity 605 in determining a restriction on a combination of frequency components for the UE 120.

When the information includes a recommendation based at least in part on a hardware capability of the UE 120, the UE 120 may indicate a hardware capability of the UE 120 associated with beamforming. In some aspects, the hardware capability of the UE 120 associated with beamforming may include a number of radio frequency chains of the UE 120, a number of times that the UE 120 can change beam weights in a slot (e.g., using known parameters, such as “maeNumberRxTxBeamSwitchDL”), a processing time and latency associated with applying received beam weights (e.g., using known parameters, such as “timedurationForQCL.”), and/or the like. The recommendation by the UE 120 may be an indication to the scheduling entity 605 to restrict a combination of frequency components based at least in part on the hardware capability. In some aspects, a greater a number of radio frequency chains may result in less restriction, while a lesser number of radio frequency chains may result in more restriction; a greater number of times that the UE 120 can change beam weights in a slot may result in less restriction, while a lesser number of times that the UE 120 can change beam weights in a slot may result in more restriction; a lesser processing time and latency associated with applying received beam weights may result in less restriction, while a greater processing time and latency associated with applying received beam weights may result in more restriction; and/or the like. As a result, the UE 120 can provide the recommendation to the scheduling entity 605 for use by the scheduling entity 605 in determining a restriction on a combination of frequency components for the UE 120.

As described above, the information provided by the UE 120 may be used by the scheduling entity 605 for making a determination of a restriction on a combination of frequency components for the UE 120. In some aspects, the UE 120 may make the determination of the restriction on the combination of frequency components for the UE 120. In this case, the information provided by the UE 120 may include a result of the determination of the restriction on the combination of frequency components for the UE 120. When the information includes the result of the determination, the scheduling entity 605 may either act based at least in part on the result of the determination, ignore the result of the determination, or make its own determination based at least in part on the result of the determination.

Although some aspects herein describe the information as an indication of frequency components for prioritization, an indication of one or more preferences relevant to DC, and/or a recommendation based at least in part on a hardware capability of the UE 120, these are provided as examples of types of information that might be used. In practice, any one of these types of information, any combination of these types of information, or one or more other types of information might be used.

In some aspects, the UE 120 might not provide the information at all to the scheduling entity 605. In other words, the UE 120 transmitting the information to the scheduling entity 605 may be optional as indicated by a dashed line corresponding to the reference number 610. When the UE 120 does not provide the information at all to the scheduling entity 605, the scheduling entity 605 may make the determination of a restriction on the combination of frequency components for the UE 120 without the benefit of information from the UE 120.

As shown by reference number 615, the scheduling entity 605 may determine the restriction on a combination of frequency components for the UE 120 based at least in part on the information provided by the UE 120 in the situation where the UE 120 provides the information to the scheduling entity 605, as described above in connection with reference number 610. The determination may be an indication of a restriction of frequency components that are not permitted to be combined by the UE 120 for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. For example, the determination may be an indication of at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined by the UE 120 for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. As a result, the UE 120 can provide input to the scheduling entity 605 for use by the scheduling entity 605 in making the determination of a restriction on a combination of frequency components for the UE 120.

In some aspects, the scheduling entity 605 may determine the restriction on a combination of frequency components for the UE 120 without the information provided by the UE 120. For example, this may occur when the scheduling entity 605 ignores the result of the determination of the UE 120, when the UE 120 does not provide the information at all to the scheduling entity 605; and/or the like. In this case, the scheduling entity 605 may reference a stored list of a combination of frequency components which are not permitted to be carrier aggregated and/or frequency hopped by the UE 120. The list may be specific to a particular UE (e.g., the UE 120) and/or may be generic for a plurality of UEs. The determination, made by the scheduling entity 605, may be an indication of a restriction of frequency components that are not permitted to be combined by the UE 120 as determined by the list. For example, the determination may be an indication of at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined by the UE 120 as determined by the list. As a result, the scheduling entity 605 may determine the restriction on a combination of frequency components for the UE 120 without the benefit of information from the UE 120.

As described above, the restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE may be for carrier aggregation, frequency hopping, and/or both. When the restriction on a combination of frequency components is for carrier aggregation, the carrier aggregation may be configured in different ways. For example, the carrier aggregation may be configured in an intra-band contiguous mode; an intra-band non-contiguous mode; an inter-band non-contiguous mode; and/or the like. When the restriction on a combination of frequency components is for frequency hopping, the frequency hopping may be determined within a set of time domain resources. The time domain resources could include one or more sets of symbols and/or one or more sets of slots. As a result, the restriction on the combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE 120 may be for carrier aggregation configured in different ways, for frequency hopping determined within a set of time domain resources, and/or both.

As shown by reference number 620, the scheduling entity 605 may transmit (e.g., via a downlink), and the UE 120 may receive, an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components used by the UE 120 for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. For example, the scheduling entity 605 may transmit to the UE 120 an indication of at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined by the UE 120 for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. The scheduling entity 605 may transmit the indication to the UE 120 before the UE 120 attempts to communicate (or further communicate) using carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. As a result, the UE 120 may receive the indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components from the scheduling entity 605 for improving communication via carrier aggregation and/or frequency hopping.

As shown by reference number 625, after receiving the indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components from the scheduling entity 605, the UE 120 may proceed to communicate (e.g., with the scheduling entity 605) based at least in part on the restriction from the scheduling entity 605. The UE 120 may transmit to the scheduling entity 605 (e.g., via an uplink) using carrier aggregation or frequency hopping with the restriction on the combination of frequency components. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 120 may receive communications from the scheduling entity 605 (e.g., via a downlink) using carrier aggregation or frequency hopping with the restriction on the combination of frequency components. The UE 120 may maintain the restriction on the combination of frequency components for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping until the scheduling entity 605 transmits (e.g., via a downlink) a subsequent restriction on the combination of frequency components. As a result, the UE 120 may improve communication via carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, with beamforming performance loss reduced, based at least in part on the restriction on a combination of frequency components from the scheduling entity 605.

As indicated above, FIG. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to FIG. 6.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 associated with frequency component restrictions for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping, in accordance with the present disclosure. In the example 700, a UE (e.g., the UE 120) may be in communication with a scheduling entity (e.g., the scheduling entity 605) in a wireless network (e.g., the wireless network 100), which may include an uplink and a downlink. The communication may be in a given frequency range, such as a portion of FR4, having multiple frequency components (e.g., shown as CH0, CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4, CH5, and/or CH6) divided in bands (e.g., 2.16 GHz bands from about 57 GHz to about 71 GHz).

As shown by reference number 705, the UE 120 may receive a first indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components from the scheduling entity 605 (e.g., via a downlink). The UE 120 may receive the first indication of the restriction before the UE 120 attempts to communicate using carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. The first indication from the scheduling entity 605 may be a restriction in which contiguous frequency components are permitted for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping (and/or non-contiguous frequency components are not permitted for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping). For example, the first indication from the scheduling entity 605 may be a restriction in which contiguous frequency components, such as CH0 and CH1, CH1 and CH2, and/or the like, are permitted for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping (and/or non-contiguous frequency components, such as CH0 and CH2, CH0 and CH3, and/or the like, are not permitted for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping).

As shown by reference number 710, the UE 120 may receive a second indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components from the scheduling entity 605 (e.g., via a downlink). The UE 120 may receive the second indication of the restriction before the UE 120 attempts to communicate using carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. The second indication from the scheduling entity 605 may be a restriction in which non-contiguous frequency components which may be separated by greater than or equal to a threshold frequency are not permitted for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. For example, the second indication from the scheduling entity 605 may be a restriction in which restriction in which non-contiguous frequency components, such as CH2 and CH4, which are separated by greater than or equal to a threshold frequency, such as one frequency component, e.g., CH3, are not permitted for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping.

As shown by reference number 715, the UE 120 may receive a third indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components from the scheduling entity 605 (e.g., via a downlink). The UE 120 may receive the third indication of the restriction before the UE 120 attempts to communicate using carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. The third indication from the scheduling entity 605 may be a restriction in which explicit frequency components are not permitted for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping. For example, the third indication from the scheduling entity 605 may be a restriction in which explicit frequency components, such as CH5 and CH6, are not permitted for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping.

As a result, the scheduling entity 605 may limit or restrict the combination of frequency components which may be carrier aggregated or frequency hopped in various ways, such as by permitting contiguous frequency components, by restricting non-contiguous frequency components, by restricting frequency components separated by greater than or equal to a threshold frequency, by restricting explicit frequency components, and/or the like. By limiting or restricting the combination of frequency components which may be carrier aggregated or frequency hopped in various ways, the UE 120 may improve communication via carrier aggregation or frequency hopping with beamforming performance loss reduced.

As indicated above, FIG. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to FIG. 7.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example process 800 performed, for example, by a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 800 is an example where the UE (e.g., UE 120 and/or the like) performs operations associated with frequency component restrictions for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping.

As shown in FIG. 8, in some aspects, process 800 may include receiving an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping (block 810). For example, the UE (e.g., using receive processor 258, controller/processor 280, memory 282, and/or the like) may receive an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, as described above.

As further shown in FIG. 8, in some aspects, process 800 may include communicating based at least in part on the restriction (block 820). For example, the UE (e.g., using receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, controller/processor 280, memory 282, and/or the like) may communicate based at least in part on the restriction, as described above.

Process 800 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, the restriction is for a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the restriction is for a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be used for frequency hopping within a set of time domain resources.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the frequency components include at least one of component carriers, occupied bandwidths, bandwidth parts, or channelizations.

In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the restriction indicates that contiguous frequency components are permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the restriction indicates that frequency components having corresponding frequencies that are greater than or equal to a threshold frequency difference are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, process 800 includes transmitting information to assist with a determination of the restriction.

In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the restriction is based at least in part on the information to assist with the determination of the restriction.

In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the information includes an indication of a frequency components that are to be prioritized for grouping or that are to be deprioritized for preventing grouping.

In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the information includes an indication of at least one of a preferred primary cell, a preferred primary secondary cell, or a preferred secondary cell.

In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the information includes an indication of at least one of a number of radio frequency chains of the UE, a number of times that the UE can change beam weights in a slot, or a processing time and latency associated with applying received beam weights.

In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the indication is received from a base station or an integrated access and backhaul node.

Although FIG. 8 shows example blocks of process 800, in some aspects, process 800 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 8. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 800 may be performed in parallel.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example process 900 performed, for example, by a scheduling entity, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 900 is an example where the scheduling entity (e.g., scheduling entity 605 and/or the like) performs operations associated with frequency component restrictions for carrier aggregation and frequency hopping.

As shown in FIG. 9, in some aspects, process 900 may include transmitting an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by a UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping (block 910). For example, the scheduling entity (e.g., using transmit processor 220, controller/processor 240, memory 242, and/or the like) may transmit an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by a UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, as described above.

As further shown in FIG. 9, in some aspects, process 900 may include communicating with the UE based at least in part on the restriction (block 920). For example, the scheduling entity (e.g., using receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, controller/processor 240, memory 242, and/or the like) may communicate with the UE based at least in part on the restriction, as described above.

Process 900 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, the restriction is for a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the restriction is for a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be used for frequency hopping within a set of time domain resources.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the frequency components include at least one of component carriers, occupied bandwidths, bandwidth parts, or channelizations.

In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the restriction indicates that contiguous frequency components are permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the restriction indicates that frequency components having corresponding frequencies that are greater than or equal to a threshold frequency difference are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, process 900 includes transmitting information to assist with a determination of the restriction.

In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the restriction is based at least in part on the information to assist with the determination of the restriction.

In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the information includes an indication of a frequency components that are to be prioritized for grouping or that are to be deprioritized for preventing grouping.

In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the information includes an indication of at least one of a preferred primary cell, a preferred primary secondary cell, or a preferred secondary cell.

In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the information includes an indication of at least one of a number of radio frequency chains of the UE, a number of times that the UE can change beam weights in a slot, or a processing time and latency associated with applying received beam weights.

In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the indication is transmitted by a base station or an integrated access and backhaul node.

Although FIG. 9 shows example blocks of process 900, in some aspects, process 900 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 9. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 900 may be performed in parallel.

The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:

Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicating based at least in part on the restriction.

Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the restriction is for a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

Aspect 3: The method of either of Aspects 1 or 2, wherein the restriction is for a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be used for frequency hopping within a set of time domain resources.

Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, wherein the frequency components include at least one of component carriers, occupied bandwidths, bandwidth parts, or channelizations.

Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein the restriction indicates that contiguous frequency components are permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1-5, wherein the restriction indicates that frequency components having corresponding frequencies that are greater than or equal to a threshold frequency difference are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, further comprising transmitting information to assist with a determination of the restriction.

Aspect 8: The method of Aspect 7, wherein the restriction is based at least in part on the information to assist with the determination of the restriction.

Aspect 9: The method of either of Aspects 7 or 8, wherein the information includes an indication of a frequency components that are to be prioritized for grouping or that are to be deprioritized for preventing grouping.

Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 7-9, wherein the information includes an indication of at least one of a preferred primary cell, a preferred primary secondary cell, or a preferred secondary cell.

Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 7-9, wherein the information includes an indication of at least one of a number of radio frequency chains of the UE, a number of times that the UE can change beam weights in a slot, or a processing time and latency associated with applying received beam weights.

Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 1-11, wherein the indication is received from a base station or an integrated access and backhaul node.

Aspect 13: A method of wireless communication performed by a scheduling entity, comprising: transmitting an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by a user equipment (UE) for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicating with the UE based at least in part on the restriction.

Aspect 14: The method of Aspect 13, wherein the restriction is for a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

Aspect 15: The method of either of Aspects 13 or 14, wherein the restriction is for a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be used for frequency hopping within a set of time domain resources.

Aspect 16: The method of any of Aspects 13-15, wherein the frequency components include at least one of component carriers, occupied bandwidths, bandwidth parts, or channelizations.

Aspect 17: The method of any of Aspects 13-16, wherein the restriction indicates that contiguous frequency components are permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

Aspect 18: The method of any of Aspects 13-17, wherein the restriction indicates that frequency components having corresponding frequencies that are greater than or equal to a threshold frequency difference are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.

Aspect 19: The method of any of Aspects 13-18, further comprising transmitting information to assist with a determination of the restriction.

Aspect 20: The method of Aspect 19, wherein the restriction is based at least in part on the information to assist with the determination of the restriction.

Aspect 21: The method of either of Aspects 19 or 20, wherein the information includes an indication of a frequency components that are to be prioritized for grouping or that are to be deprioritized for preventing grouping.

Aspect 22: The method of any of Aspects 19-21, wherein the information includes an indication of at least one of a preferred primary cell, a preferred primary secondary cell, or a preferred secondary cell.

Aspect 23: The method of any of Aspects 19-22, wherein the information includes an indication of at least one of a number of radio frequency chains of the UE, a number of times that the UE can change beam weights in a slot, or a processing time and latency associated with applying received beam weights.

Aspect 24: The method of any of Aspects 13-23, wherein the indication is transmitted by a base station or an integrated access and backhaul node.

Aspect 25: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-12.

Aspect 26: A device for wireless communication, comprising a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-12.

Aspect 27: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-12.

Aspect 28: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-12.

Aspect 29: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-12.

Aspect 30: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 13-24.

Aspect 31: A device for wireless communication, comprising a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 13-24.

Aspect 32: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 13-24.

Aspect 33: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 13-24.

Aspect 34: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 13-24.

The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.

As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, and/or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a processor is implemented in hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems and/or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and/or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems and/or methods were described herein without reference to specific software code—it being understood that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems and/or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein.

As used herein, satisfying a threshold may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, or the like.

Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. In fact, many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification. Although each dependent claim listed below may directly depend on only one claim, the disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set. As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items (e.g., related items, unrelated items, or a combination of related and unrelated items), and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms. Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and/or,” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of”). 

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: a memory; and one or more processors, coupled to the memory, configured to: receive an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicate based at least in part on the restriction.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the restriction is for a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the restriction is for a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be used for frequency hopping within a set of time domain resources.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the frequency components include at least one of component carriers, occupied bandwidths, bandwidth parts, or channelizations.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the restriction indicates that contiguous frequency components are permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the restriction indicates that frequency components having corresponding frequencies that are greater than or equal to a threshold frequency difference are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to transmit information to assist with a determination of the restriction.
 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the restriction is based at least in part on the information to assist with the determination of the restriction.
 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the information includes an indication of a frequency components that are to be prioritized for grouping or that are to be deprioritized for preventing grouping.
 10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the information includes an indication of at least one of a preferred primary cell, a preferred primary secondary cell, or a preferred secondary cell.
 11. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the information includes an indication of at least one of a number of radio frequency chains of the UE, a number of times that the UE can change beam weights in a slot, or a processing time and latency associated with applying received beam weights.
 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication is received from a base station or an integrated access and backhaul node.
 13. An apparatus for wireless communication at a scheduling entity, comprising: a memory; and one or more processors, coupled to the memory, configured to: transmit an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by a user equipment (UE) for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicate with the UE based at least in part on the restriction.
 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the restriction is for a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.
 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the restriction is for a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be used for frequency hopping within a set of time domain resources.
 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the frequency components include at least one of component carriers, occupied bandwidths, bandwidth parts, or channelizations.
 17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the restriction indicates that contiguous frequency components are permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.
 18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the restriction indicates that frequency components having corresponding frequencies that are greater than or equal to a threshold frequency difference are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.
 19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to transmit information to assist with a determination of the restriction.
 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the restriction is based at least in part on the information to assist with the determination of the restriction.
 21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the information includes an indication of a frequency components that are to be prioritized for grouping or that are to be deprioritized for preventing grouping.
 22. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the information includes an indication of at least one of a preferred primary cell, a preferred primary secondary cell, or a preferred secondary cell.
 23. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the information includes an indication of at least one of a number of radio frequency chains of the UE, a number of times that the UE can change beam weights in a slot, or a processing time and latency associated with applying received beam weights.
 24. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the indication is transmitted by a base station or an integrated access and backhaul node.
 25. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicating based at least in part on the restriction.
 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the restriction is for a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.
 27. The method of claim 25, wherein the restriction is for a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be used for frequency hopping within a set of time domain resources.
 28. The method of claim 25, wherein the restriction indicates that contiguous frequency components are permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation.
 29. A method of wireless communication performed by a scheduling entity, comprising: transmitting an indication of a restriction on a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by a user equipment (UE) for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation or frequency hopping; and communicating with the UE based at least in part on the restriction.
 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the restriction is for a combination of frequency components permitted to be used by the UE for carrier aggregation, wherein the restriction indicates at least two frequency components that are not permitted to be combined for carrier aggregation. 